PHRASAL VERBS

Buenos días! llegamos al final del curso y quiero comentar que me parece fantástica la cantidad de recursos que nos ofrece el blog y todas las herramientas que poseé. Es un medio muy práctico para enseñar y por supuesto, para aprender. Espero que os haya servido de ayuda las entradas publicadas para repasar algo  de inglés.
A continuación veremos otra tabla donde se sitúa a la izquierda los phrasal verbs y a la derecha la traducción castellana. Los phrasal verbs son verbos seguidos de una preposición, un adverbio o la combinación de ambos.

act out	representar
ask  for	pedir
break into	introducirse en, meterse en
bring out	publicar, sacar
bring up	educar, criar
call off	cancelar, suspender
care about	preocuparse por, importar
carry on	continuar, llevar adelante
cash in	canjear por
catch on	tener exito, cuajar
check out	pagar y marcharse
check in	facturar equipaje
clean up	limpiar, arreglar, ordenar
come on	¡vamos! ¡venga!
cut down	reducir, rebajar
deal with	tratar, resolver (un problema)
dress up	disfrazarse
fall for	volverse loco/a por
falll off	caer (se) de
fit in	encajar, adaptarse
get ahead	progresar, tener éxito
get away	escaparse
get by	arreglárselas
give away	revelar delatar
give back	devolver
give in	darse por vencido
go back	regresar
go over	repasar
go through with	llevar a cabo
grow up	crecer, criarse
hand in	entregar
hang up	colar (el teléfono)
join n	tomar parte, participar en
keep off	mantenerse alejado
keep pn	seguir continuar
let in	dejar entrar
look after	cuidar
look back on	recordar
look down on	menospreciar
look for	buscar
look forward to	estar deseando
look into	investigar
look up to	admirar
make up	inventar(se), reconciliarse
miss out on	dejar pasar
pass on	enviar, pasar
pay back	devolver (dinero), vengarse
pick out	elegir, escoger
pick up	recoger
put away	guardar
put on	ponerse (ropa)
ring off	colgar (el teléfono)
ring up	llamar, telefonear
run out of	quedarse sin
run over	atropellar
serve on	ser miembro de
set up	poner, tender, colgar (en internet)
shine through	resaltar, sobresalir
stand for	representar
start up	empezar
stop by	pararse por
switch off	apagar (la luz)
switch on	encender (la luz)
take after	parecerse a
take away	quitar, llevar(se)
take out	sacar
try on	probarse (ropa)
turn arround	dar(se) la vuelta)
turn back	volver
turn into	converitrse en
turn out	resultar
turn up	llegar, presentarse, aparecer
work out	funcionar
write down	apuntar anotar

CONNECTORS

Hola a todos! En este post repasaremos algunos de los conectores más utilizados. Así, le daremos a las frases una dinámica mayor. Observaremos en qué situaciones o para que objetivos pueden utilizar determinados conectores, aunque hay algunos que los utilizaremos para cualquier tipo de propósito. He elaborado la siguiente tabla porque me parece una manera más fácil y práctica de aprender. Los ejemplos en negrita son los que, particularmente a mi, me resultaron más útilies y fáciles de recordar. No es necesario aprenderlos y saberlos todos, simplemente tener siempre alguno a mano para poder expresarnos como queremos.

PURPOSE	EXAMPLES
To add point on the same topic	And, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what's more, besides, also, too
To describe a cause or reason	Because (of), since, due to, for this reason, tha is why, one, another reason for…. is…
To describe a result	So, therefore, consequently, thus, as a result, as a consequence
To show purpose	In order (not) to, to, so as (not) to, so that
To express a contrast	But, however, nevertheless, yet, still, although, even if, in spite of, despite, whereas
To describe similarity	Similarly, likewise, in the same way
To express personal opinions	In my opinion, I (strongly) believe (that), I think/feel (that), in my view, it seems to me (that), personally, as I see it
To describe  reality	In fact, as a matter of fact, actually, the truth is (that)
To make general statements	In general, generally, as a rule, on the whole
To list points	To begin/start with, in the first place, first of all, firstly, secondly, thirdly…,  after that, then, next, finally, lastly
To give examples	For example, for instance, such as, like, particularly, in particular, especially, (more)  specifically
To introduce opposing points	On the one hand, on the other hand, in contrast, contrary to, it can also be argued that, but there are people who say (that)
To show sequence	First, at first, in the beginning, next, then, later, meanwhile, after that, afterwards, at last, finally, in the end
To show time	When while, before, after, until, as soon as, by the time
To conclude	In conclusion, to sum up,  finally, in short

USUALLY AND USED TO

Good morning! En este post aprenderemos a utilizar en el momento correspondiente el usually y el used to, así que los explicaremos al mismo tiempo observando las diferencias y los posibles usos. Esta tabla nos ayudará a ver algunos ejemplos y comprender el contexto de uso de cada expresión.

USUALLY	USED TO
Present habits and stats	Past habits and states
I usually get up  at 9.00 on school days.	We used to be close friends but we don't see each other any more
I don't usually go out during the week	I used to go out with that girl when was at school.
Houses in the suburbs usually have gardens	Did you use to wear glasses?
Do you usually walk to work?	She didn't use to have fair hair. She had dark hair before

USES

• For present habits use ussually or normally + present simple
• For past habits use used to/ didn't use to + infinitive. Used to does not exist in the present tense. 
• We use used to for tgings that were true over a period of time in the past. It usally refers to somethings which is not true now.
• I used to smoke = I smoked for a period time in the past buy now I don't
• Used to / didn't use to can be used with action verbs (wear, go out) and non-action verbs (be, have)
• We often use not... any more/any longer (=not now) with the present simple to contrast with used to
• I used to go to the gym but I don't any more/any longer. 

                                                   

CONDITIONALS

Buenas tardes estudiosos! Aquí la quinta entrada con un poquíto más de gramática. Hoy estudiaremos las oraciones condicionales, los tres tipos. Las explicaremos mediante una tabla/esquema. Vamos allá.

FIRST CONDITIONAL

if unless  + Present simple	future tenses	If you give me you mobile number, I’ll send you a message
	may/ might	If you chat on the net, you may/might meet people
	Present simple	If you press the button, the computer switches on
	imperative	Close the window if you don’t want to catch a cold.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

if unless + Past Simple	would	+ base form	If you didn’t work so hard, you would go out more.
	could/might		You could/might go on a date with Ana if you asked her.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

If Unless +  Past perfect	would	+ have+  past participle	If I had finished all my work, I would have gone out with them
	Could/ might		You could/might have met my sister if you had gone to the club

MODALS VERBS

Buenas! En esta lección estudiaremos los modals verbs, pondré como siempre, algunos ejemplos y explicaré cuales son sus posibles usos.

CAN/ CAN'T

Afirmative: I can speak English very well.
Negative: She can't come tonight. She is ill.
Interrogative: Can you drive me home?

• Ability in the present
• He can play the drums and the guitar
• Suggestion
• You can introduce her to my cousin
• Request
• Can you drive me home?
• Certainty that something is impossible
• She can't win the oscar. The other actress is better.

BE ABLE TO

•  Ability
• He is able to play the drums and the guitar

COULD

• Ability in the past
• He could play the violin
• Polite request
• Could you open the door, please?
• Polite suggestion
• You colud try asking her for help.

MAY

• Probability/ possibility
• Javier Bardem may play the main character
• Polite request
• May I use your phone?

MIGHT

• Probability/possibility
• She's not at home. She may be working

WOULD

• Polite request
• Would you please drive me home?
• Offer
• Would you like a drink?

MUST

• Obligation, necessity
• You must leave now
• Certainy that something is true
• Learning Japanese must be very difficult

HAVE TO

• Obligation
• Do you have to leave now?

NEED TO

• Obligation, necessity
• You need to leave quickly.

NEEDN'T TO

• Lack of obligation
• She needn't wait for them

MUSTN'T 

• Prohibition
• You mustn't arrive late

DON'T HAVE TO

• Lack of obligation
• He doesn't have to wait for them

SHOULD

• Advice, opinion
• You should improve you pronunciation

OUGHT TO 

• Advice, opinion
• You ought to improve you pronunciation

SHALL

• Offer
• Shall I help you with your project?

Para realizar esta entrada me he basado en los siguientes libros:

- ENGLISH FILE, Intermediate Student's Book. OXFORD

- VALID, For Bachillerato 2. Burlington Books

- STRAIGHTFORWARD, Pre-intermediate Sutdent's Book. MACMILLAN

- INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH, Level B1: Grammar Bank